Difference between revisions of "Category:GNSS-Denied Navigation"

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GNSS (Navstar GPS (USA), GLONASS (RU), Beidou (CN), Galileo (EU)) might encounter jamming or spoofing. See https://gpsjam.org/ for daily maps of interference.<br>
 
GNSS (Navstar GPS (USA), GLONASS (RU), Beidou (CN), Galileo (EU)) might encounter jamming or spoofing. See https://gpsjam.org/ for daily maps of interference.<br>
 +
Note: Galileo is now hardened by authentication (OSNMA) https://insidegnss.com/osnma-necessary-but-not-sufficient-for-gnss-security/<br>
 
This page lists some alternative (marine) navigation strategies:
 
This page lists some alternative (marine) navigation strategies:
  
 
== cross bearings ==
 
== cross bearings ==
 
* https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzpeilung
 
* https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzpeilung
 +
==== tools ====
 +
* bearing compass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearing_compass
 +
* OpenCPN:
 +
** https://opencpn.org/OpenCPN/plugins/draw.html
  
 
== dead reckoning ==
 
== dead reckoning ==
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_reckoning
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_reckoning
 +
==== tools ====
 +
* compass
 +
* log https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_log#More_modern_logs_and_replacements
 +
* OpenCPN:
 +
** https://opencpn.org/OpenCPN/plugins/dreckoning.html
 +
** https://opencpn.org/OpenCPN/plugins/draw.html
  
 
== celestial navigation ==
 
== celestial navigation ==
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation
 +
==== tools ====
 +
* sextant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextant
 +
* OpenCPN:
 +
** https://opencpn.org/OpenCPN/plugins/celestialnav.html
  
−
== radio direction finding ==  
+
== inertial navigation ==
 +
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system
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==== equipment ====
 +
* gyroscope
 +
** https://www.anellophotonics.com/blog/reinventing-the-optical-gyroscope-with-silicon-photonics
 +
* accelerometer
 +
 
 +
== radio direction finding ==
 +
Measuring incoming signals’ AoA (Angle of Arrival) relative to the vehicle (bearing).
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_finding
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_finding
 +
* [https://www.eucass.eu/doi/EUCASS2022-7461.pdf GNSS-Denied Navigation using Direction of Arrival from Low-Cost Software Defined Radios and Signals of Opportunity]
 +
==== equipment ====
 +
* https://www.qsl.net/df9ie/kraken--kerberos-sdr.html
 +
** KerberosSDR
 +
** KrakenSDR
  
 
== R(anging)-Mode ==
 
== R(anging)-Mode ==
 +
R-Mode is intended to become a ground based GNSS backup.
 +
* https://www.navigation-mac.fr/r-mode-futur-systeme-de-positionnement-alternatif/?lang=en
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilateration
 
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilateration
−
R-Mode is a land based GNSS backup.
 
 
=== MF (medium frequency) ===
 
=== MF (medium frequency) ===
−
Testbed at baltic sea made use of 7 DGPS-stations.
+
* Testbed at baltic sea made use of 7 DGPS-stations:
−
* https://www.r-mode-baltic.eu/
+
** https://www.r-mode-baltic.eu/
−
* https://interreg-baltic.eu/project-posts/ormobass/important-step-towards-r-mode-standardization/
+
*** https://www.r-mode-baltic.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Final_report_R-Mode_Baltic2_v1.0.pdf
−
** https://www.iala.int/product/g1187-medium-frequency-r-mode-signal-structure-and-navigation-message/
+
* standardization:
 +
** https://interreg-baltic.eu/project-posts/ormobass/important-step-towards-r-mode-standardization/
 +
*** https://www.iala.int/product/g1187-medium-frequency-r-mode-signal-structure-and-navigation-message/
 +
* DGPS-stations:
 +
** https://www.iala.int/technical/positioning-navigation-and-timing/world-dgnss-stations-list/
 +
** https://overpass-turbo.eu/s/2axW
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==== equipment ====
 +
* RTL-SDR
 +
** [https://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/dbt_derivate_00068421/DLR-FB-2024-09.pdf R-Mode: An Alternative to Global Navigation Satellite Systems for Terrestrial Navigation at Medium Frequencies]
  
 
=== VHF (very high frequency) ===
 
=== VHF (very high frequency) ===
 
Testbed at baltic sea made use of 4 AIS base-stations.
 
Testbed at baltic sea made use of 4 AIS base-stations.
 
* https://www.r-mode-baltic.eu/
 
* https://www.r-mode-baltic.eu/
 +
* [https://www.transnav.eu/Article2_32_Shishkin,70,1408.html AIS R-Mode Trilateration for GPS Positioning and Timing Insurance]
 +
* ...
 +
 +
== radar ==
 +
Accurate vessel positioning with radar and digital elevation models.
 +
* https://library.e.abb.com/public/7e2b429f4b684e1ca576a57697ed9b68/GNSS-free%20navigation.pdf
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==== equipment ====
 +
* ...

Latest revision as of 05:43, 27 August 2025

GNSS (Navstar GPS (USA), GLONASS (RU), Beidou (CN), Galileo (EU)) might encounter jamming or spoofing. See https://gpsjam.org/ for daily maps of interference.
Note: Galileo is now hardened by authentication (OSNMA) https://insidegnss.com/osnma-necessary-but-not-sufficient-for-gnss-security/
This page lists some alternative (marine) navigation strategies:

cross bearings

tools

dead reckoning

tools

celestial navigation

tools

inertial navigation

equipment

radio direction finding

Measuring incoming signals’ AoA (Angle of Arrival) relative to the vehicle (bearing).

equipment

R(anging)-Mode

R-Mode is intended to become a ground based GNSS backup.

MF (medium frequency)

equipment

VHF (very high frequency)

Testbed at baltic sea made use of 4 AIS base-stations.

radar

Accurate vessel positioning with radar and digital elevation models.

equipment

  • ...

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